Why does a sodium atom have an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23? This value is based on measurements involving a proton and an electron namely, measurements and complex calculation involving scattering cross section based on equation for , and studies of the atomic of hydrogen and deuterium.
There are almost 118+ different types of atoms, each one is different from the other, different masses, chemical compositions, different behavior, and many other different things that separate these atoms from each other.